(Eds) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. Are active sun exposure habits related to lowering risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women, a prospective cohort study? Diabetes Res. 1,25(OH)2 vitamin d inhibits foam cell formation and suppresses macrophage cholesterol uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A 16-week randomized clinical trial of 2000 international units daily vitamin D3 supplementation in black youth: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, adiposity, and arterial stiffness. Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in the United States adolescent population. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and the incidence of acute viral respiratory tract infections in healthy adults.
Serum vitamin D levels and severe asthma exacerbations in the Childhood Asthma Management Program study. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren.
3 A prospective cohort study that measured serial concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 198 healthy adults observed that individuals with a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration ≥95 nmol/l had a twofold reduced risk of acute viral respiratory tract infections and a marked reduction in the percentage of sickness days. This study population was found to have higher odds of any hospitalization or emergency department visit than children with normal levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (odds ratio 1.5). This observation is supported by a study of 1,024 children with a history of mild-to-moderate persistent asthma and vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/l). Furthermore, children previously diagnosed as having asthma who took the vitamin D supplement had a relative risk reduction of having an asthma attack of 93% compared with children on placebo. Of 167 children who received 1,200 IU of vitamin D per day for 4 months, 18 (10.8%) were documented to be infected with influenza A compared with 31 of 167 children (18.6%) who received placebo-a relative risk reduction of 42%. 2 investigated the effect of a vitamin D supplement on the incidence of seasonal influenza A infection in school children aged 6–15 years. In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial, Urashima et al.
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